Paul Elder & Company – San Francisco bookseller & publisher, 1898-1968

Antigone

28 March 202528 March 2025 by david

On the 17th and 19th of April 1902, Stanford University presented the ancient Greek tragedy Antigone of Sophocles—in the original Greek—with choral music by 19th-century composer Felix Mendelssohn. The actors were instructors and students of the Greek department, the musicians were the University orchestra, and the chorus were mostly members of the Glee Club. They rehearsed for four months and made their own costumes. In total, more than 120 students were involved, about 8% of the entire student body.

The two performances, at 1,500-seat Assembly Hall, were so successful that the play was taken on the road to Southern California (cast and crew filled two railroad cars) where it was performed in Los Angeles on April 23rd, Pasadena on the 24th, and Santa Barbara on the 25th. The road trip expenses were covered by the profits from the Stanford performances, and the University officially granted a week’s leave of absence for the performers.¹ Two weeks later, a third presentation was given at Stanford on May 8th, with a final performance in Berkeley on May 10th in 3,000-seat Harmon Gymnasium.

Title page of *The Antigone of Sophocles*

The entire project was the brainchild of Classics Professors Augustus Taber Murray and Henry Rushton Fairclough. They were out to show that Stanford University, just one decade old, could provide a classical education equal to any of the older, more famous universities. They were definitely thinking big: in addition to the wildly successful performances, Murray and Fairclough also arranged for the publication of two books, both issued by Paul Elder. (Murray and Henry Rolfe, mentioned below, also wrote for Impressions, Elder’s in-house magazine.)

The first book, The Antigone of Sophocles, featured Murray’s and Fairclough’s own English translation of the Greek text. As they wrote in their preface, “this translation was first undertaken with a view to providing the general public with a libretto for the presentation of Antigone, which is to be given in the original Greek at the University on the 17th and 19th of next month. It is hoped, however, that its publication will awaken or revive interest in ‘Our Sophocles, the royal,’ among cultivated people generally.” This volume was published by Elder & Shepard in March 1902, and printed by the Twentieth Century Press. The production & distribution of the book must have been very speedy indeed, given the specific “next month” dates mentioned in the preface.

The second book, Antigone, is an account of the production and performance itself, in four sections:

The Antigone at Stanford Unviersity, H. W. Rolfe
Antigone: A Dramatic Study, A. T. Murray
The Choral Side of Antigone, H. R. Fairclough
Programme of the Original Presentations at Stanford University

The book is also illustrated with twenty photographs, including seven of 20-year-old Eunice Cooksey, who was cast in the title role. Murray played Creon, Antigone’s uncle and the new King, while Fairclough was the coryphæus, the leader of the chorus. The book’s formal title, which appears on both the cover and title page, is in Greek: Αντιγονη, but is anglicized as Antigone on every page head and chapter head. As it happens, this book was in production just as “Elder & Shepard” was transitioning to “Paul Elder & Company,” and thus the book appeared in 1903 under the PE&Co imprint.

As part of this post, I must admit a big mistake: until today, I had not studied these two books closely, and had blithely assumed that they were two editions of the same work; thus Antigone only appears once on the checklist, as item #10. Ooof! With the realization that these are two completely different books—albeit concerning the same happy event—I have now adjusted the checklist. Because it has the same name as the original listing, the 1903 Paul Elder & Company Antigone remains as #10, while the 1902 Elder & Shepard Antigone of Sophocles has become checklist #422. Each entry now refers to the other, in order to make it clear that there have been corrections since the time of the printed checklists.

Augustus Taber Murray (1866-1940) was born in New York City. He earned his Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University with a dissertation on Aristophanes. He also studied in Germany before becoming Professor of Greek at Earlham College (1888-90), Colorado College (1891-92), and then at Stanford, where he remained for the next forty years. Among his publications were translations of the Iliad and Odyssey for the Loeb Classical Library. He was also a prominent Quaker minister and spent 1929 and 1930 in Washington as pastor to President Herbert Hoover, a personal friend. Murray married Nella Howland Gifford in 1881; they had five children. He is buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Park in Palo Alto, California.²

Henry Rushton Fairclough (1862-1938) was born in Barrie, Ontario, not far from Toronto. In 1893 he left Canada to become Associate Professor of Greek and Latin at Stanford, where he spent the rest of his career. During World War I, he served in the American Red Cross in Switzerland and Montenegro. In 1922, he was named Professor of Classical Literature at Stanford. He was also guest professor of Latin and Greek at Harvard, and president of the American Philological Association. His own research was on Roman poets, and he published translations and bilingual editions of Plautus, Terence, Virgil, and Horace. Fairclough married Frederica Emily Blanche Allen in 1888 and had one daughter with her. After her death, he married Mary Charlotte Holly in 1930. In 1941, his posthumous autobiography “Warming Both Hands” was published, where he described his experiences during the War. Fairclough is buried at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California.³

Henry Winchester Rolfe (1858-1945) was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts. He was an English instructor at Cornell University (1883-85), professor of Latin at Swarthmore College (1885-90), lecturer in Latin literature at the University of Pennsylvania (1891-92), and associate professor of Greek at Stanford University (1900-10). His publications include an 1898 biography of Petrarch. Rolfe married Bertha Napier Colt in 1886; they had three daughters. He is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts.⁴

Eunice Cooksey as Antigone [Stanford Archives]

Eunice Cooksey (1881-1946) was born in New York City. While a student at Stanford, she lived on campus with her parents in what is now Synergy House. She married John Dane about 1908. Later in her life, back in New York, she was a long-time member of the Jamaica Plain Tuesday Club. Paradoxically, to our modern eyes, Eunice was also Chair of the Jamaica Plain Anti-Suffrage Association (JPASA). Today the idea of women being against a woman’s right to vote is bewildering, but the Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of the Suffrage to Women (MAOFESW) was founded in 1895 and worked with JPASA for twenty-four years until suffrage was passed nationally in 1919. Eunice is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.⁵

Page 3 of *The Antigone of Sophocles*. These are the only words printed in Greek in the book, from a speech by Antigone: “For not of to-day or yesterday, but for eternity is their [the gods’ laws] life, and no one knows the hour of their birth”

Page 4 of *The Antigone of Sophocles*, mentioning the upcoming performances

Antigone is sentenced to be entombed by her uncle Creon. [Stanford Archives]

Pages 1 of Αντιγονη, mentioning the successful performances

Page 4 of Αντιγονη, with Antigone and her sister Ismene.

1
“The Case For Classics,” 125 Stanford Stories #63, https://125.stanford.edu/the-case-for-classics/
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Taber_Murray
3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rushton_Fairclough
4
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3s20121x/
5
https://loring-greenough.org/suffrage-anti-suffrage-in-jamaica-plain/

Islanded

1 October 202430 September 2024 by david

In early 1934, a monthly literary magazine called Dune Forum appeared out of Oceano, a tiny, unincorporated seaside community in San Luis Obispo County, California. Oceano had hitherto been known as the home of a utopian Theosophical religious community called Halcyon, founded in 1903. Dune Forum was sold at a select few of California’s literary hotspots, including Paul Elder’s bookstore, UC Berkeley and Stanford University, and bookstores in Santa Cruz, Carmel, Ojai, Santa Barbara, and Los Angeles. The magazine only lasted seven issues, but included contributions from such notables as poet Robin Lampson, musician John Cage, and poet John Varian of the Halcyon community.

The February 1934 issue of Dune Forum contained this note in a section called “Northern Lights:”

San Francisco never ceases to delight us. As this magazine is printed there, we have to attend its monthly rebirth, and each time we journey thither, further proofs of its fascination crowd in upon us, each with a new surprise. This trip is already full of memories. Mrs. Maflo [Mary Florence] Ryan gave a benefit reception for young Dwight Strickland, a cynical poet in the contemporary stream of defeatism, yet curiously remindful of the mauve decade. His book of verse, “Islanded” has recently been brought out by Paul Elder, and for much of its contents, is worthy of your attention. Better still if you could hear him recite his Swinburnianly modernistic lyrics. A born showman, this Strickland never misses a chance to flabbergast or charm, or otherwise capture the attention of his audience.¹

Frontispiece and title page of “Islanded”

That same week, the Mill Valley Record reported:

Dwight Strickland, the young California poet whose work is earnestly noted by bay region people, is soon to tour the south, where he will appear before distinguished clubs in dramatic presentation of his latest volume of verse “Islanded.” He is to be the guest of and entertainer for the Chelsea Circle in San Francisco tomorrow night. Mr. Strickland expresses himself in highly colorful imagery and distinctive rhythms. In these two qualities, the mantel of Vachel Lindsay seems to have fallen upon him. Lindsay pioneered in a new style which won great acceptance. Strickland is receiving complimentary support from the press. A limited number of autographed copies of his work may be had at Paul Elder’s.²

Presumed standard binding of “Islanded,” with silver paper over boards, title and author name stamped in black.

And in April, the Los Angeles Times noted:

From San Francisco comes young Dwight Strickland, whose volume of verse, “Islanded,” has been issued by Paul Elder. Mr. Strickland believes in the importance of reading verse aloud, and he follows Vachel Lindsay in this faith. But, unlike the midwestern poet, he reads from the work of other poets as well as from his own.³

Islanded was issued in at least three bindings: silver paper on boards with title and name stamped in black, cloth on boards without stamped title, and, most unusually, copper foil over boards with gold-stamped title and author—the only such binding that Paul Elder & Company ever issued. The poetry inside is often printed with the avant-garde typography pioneered by E. E. Cummings in the 1920s, and one imagines that our born showman’s reading style attempted to convey that typography to his listeners.

Alternate cover of “Islanded,” with orange and black cloth over boards, but with no words stamped on the cover.

Due to financial difficulties, Paul Elder retired from publishing in 1918. At rare intervals afterwards, he issued an occasional title: three in the 1920s, and six in the 1930s. Presumably they were all vanity publications, but few records survive so it is difficult to be certain. When Islanded was published in 1933, it was the middle of the Great Depression, and Paul Elder still had money problems behind the scenes, so it’s hard to imagine Elder fronting the costs for this book, especially with the multiple cover designs.

Dwight Jensen Strickland was born in Niles, Michigan on 18 June 1907, the third of four children of the Rev. Arthur Strickland and Carolyn Jensen. Little is known about him aside from what can be pieced together by public documents. The family moved often, and as a boy Dwight also lived in Indiana, Rhode Island, and New Jersey. After his poetry reading tour in 1934, he moved to New York City, but in 1940 was living with his father in Philadelphia. In 1946, he married Louise I. Wetherby (1909-64) in California. Dwight Strickland died on 22 August 1963 in Los Angeles at the age of 56, and is buried alongside Louise at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Pages 8-9 “Islanded,” with the final stanzas of the title poem “Islanded” at left, and distinctive typography.

Signed limitation page, and table of contents

1
Dune Forum, vol. 1, no. 2, 15 Feb 1934, p56.
2
Mill Valley Record, Volume XXXV, Number 51, 9 February 1934
3
Los Angeles Times, 8 Apr 1934

Matins and Vespers

20 September 202417 September 2024 by david

Matins and Vespers is one of the rarest Elder titles, both because of its ephemeral nature and the notoriety of its author. Violet M. Firth (1890-1946) was a prominent British author, psychologist, teacher, artist, occultist, and mystic. However, she is known primarily by her pseudonym Dion Fortune, inspired by her family motto Deo non fortuna (Latin for “by God, not fate”), originally the ancient motto of the Barons and Earls Digby. She was a prolific writer of the supernatural and the occult in both novels and non-fiction works. According to Wikipedia, Fortune “is recognised as one of the most significant occultists and ceremonial magicians of the early 20th century. The Fraternity she founded survived her and in later decades spawned a variety of related groups based upon her teachings. Her novels in particular proved an influence on later occult and modern Pagan groups such as Wicca.”

Violet Mary Firth, circa 1915? — Violet Mary Firth as a teenager, c. 1905

The text consists of four poems: Morning Hymn, Morning Prayer, Evening Hymn, and Evening Prayer. The cover recto includes a quote from Robert Louis Stevenson, and the verso a quote from Sir Edwin Arnold. Firth’s name only appears in the colophon.

Matins and Vespers, written and published while Fortune was still known as Violet Firth, is a small pamphlet, composed of four sheets folded once and tied with string, making a quire of eight folios. The compositing is by John Henry Nash, and I can think of no greater example of his widely admired skill with the precise perpendicular lines known as mitred rules: in three colors, no less. The actual printing would have been farmed out to a local press shop, despite the colophon reading “printed for them by their Tomoyé Press, at their Shop in the City of San Francisco, which lieth at the Gateway to the Golden West.” Whereas similar unbound Elder titles were almost always issued with matching envelopes (e.g. Charity), Matins and Vespers appears to have been issued with a matching cover consisting of a simple, loose, folded sheet printed on the front.

Violet Mary Firth was born in 1890 to wealthy English family in Llandudno, Wales, where her father ran a hydrotherapy (then called hydropathy) clinic. As a teenager, she lived in the southwest of England, and later studied at the University of London. During World War I, she was a part of the Women’s Land Army, an organization designed to employ women in agriculture in order to replace the men who were fighting in France. For details on Dion Fortune’s extensive career in the occult, I refer the reader to her Wikipedia page. Fortune died of leukemia in 1946 in Middlesex, London, at the age of 55, and is buried at St. John’s Church, Glastonbury.

Apologies for the downtime — we’re back online

28 June 202426 June 2024 by david

Dear Readers,

The website has been unresponsive for several weeks now, and for that I apologize. I was on holiday in Canada and did not notice the problem until my return. The issue has been resolved and I am adding a few more safeguards in hopes that it will not happen again.

Thanks for visiting paulelder.org!

David

End of an exhibition

13 March 2024 by david

I’ve always been sad to see the end of something that I’ve worked hard on. Why exactly must all good things come to an end? Thanks to all of you who came to see my Paul Elder exhibition at the Book Club of California.